In a public advisory issued on Thursday, 5 November, the ministry said the country is experiencing a hot period during which high temperatures, direct sunlight and strenuous physical activity can overwhelm the body’s natural cooling system.
The ministry warned that this could result in dehydration, heat exhaustion and heatstroke, a potentially fatal medical emergency.
The warning comes as Zimbabwe prepares for a season that is expected to bring below-normal rainfall and above-normal temperatures.
“The 2026/2027 seasonal climate outlook indicates the likelihood of below-normal rainfall and warmer-than-normal temperatures associated with El Niño conditions, potentially increasing heat exposure and water stress,” the ministry said.
Health officials said although anyone can be affected by extreme heat, certain groups face a greater risk. These include children, elderly people, pregnant women, people living with chronic illnesses, persons with disabilities and those who work outdoors, such as farmers, construction workers and street vendors.
To reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses, the ministry advised members of the public to drink safe water regularly, even when they do not feel thirsty. People have also been encouraged to avoid unnecessary outdoor activities during the hottest part of the day, particularly from late morning to mid-afternoon.
The ministry further urged Zimbabweans to seek shade, remain in cool and well-ventilated places and wear light, loose-fitting clothing. It also called on families to check regularly on vulnerable relatives and warned against leaving children unattended in parked vehicles.
Employers have been urged to protect outdoor workers by providing clean drinking water, shaded rest areas and regular breaks.
The ministry also stressed the importance of recognising the early signs of heat exhaustion, which include heavy sweating, severe thirst, headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting and muscle cramps.
People displaying such symptoms should be moved to a cool place, have excess clothing loosened and be given water if they are fully alert and able to drink.
However, health authorities stressed that heatstroke is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
According to the ministry, warning signs of heatstroke include confusion, unusual behaviour, seizures, collapse or loss of consciousness following exposure to extreme heat. The affected person’s skin may be hot and dry or heavily sweaty.
“Do not wait for all symptoms to appear,” the ministry warned.
The ministry said anyone suspected of suffering from heatstroke should be taken to a cool place and cooled immediately using cold water, wet cloths and fanning while emergency medical assistance is sought.
“Continue cooling while awaiting medical assistance,” the ministry said.
Health officials also warned against giving fluids to anyone unconscious, confused or unable to swallow properly, and warned that medicines such as paracetamol and aspirin should not be used to treat heatstroke.