DAKAR -- For decades diarrhoea has been a stealth killer, claiming more under-five children than AIDS, malaria and measles combined, yet it remains a neglected disease, according to World Health Organization diarrhoea specialist Olivier Fontaine. (Pictured: Inside a Harare hospital -- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), salty liquids, can easily cure diarrhoeaWe made huge progress in the 1980s, but donor investment decreased in the 1990s as attention was diverted to AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. ??Diarrhoea received less than five percent of total disease research and treatment funding in 2007, a fraction of the funding put toward other diseases that claimed far fewer lives. ??
The most severe forms of diarrhoea which can lead to dehydration kill an estimated 1.5 million under-five children every year. Most children recover from milder forms more than four billion children get diarrhoea every year. There is no reason for these deaths, said WHOs Fontaine. There are 20th-century revolutionary medical miracles that should have wiped out [diarrhoea] by now. ??
But treatments like oral rehydration therapy (ORT), salty liquids, reach less than 40 percent of children who need them in Asia and Africa, according to UN Childrens Fund (UNICEF). ?
In recent years zinc tablets have been proven to boost ORTs efficacy. Zinc is the most ubiquitous mineral in the body, said Fontaine. It is responsible for activating more than 300 enzymes. Every level of metabolism needs it and the immune system is dependent on it. ??
Recommended five years ago by World Health Organization to accompany ORT, the zinc tablet costing less than 2 US cents has been studied in diarrhoea treatments since 2007 in countries from Bangladesh to Brazil, said Fontaine.
But despite a donor push to get zinc into at-risk communities UNICEF purchased almost 160 million zinc tablets in 2008 the agency has said need outstrips supply and that both zinc and ORT have been slow to roll out in some of the worst-affected areas.
Zinc boosts appetites and [helps avoid] unnecessary drugs and long hospital stays. In a recent report on diarrhoea, UNICEF outlined a seven-point plan to treat and prevent childhood diarrhoea that includes the rotavirus vaccine which can help prevent one of the most common viral causes of diarrhoea; exclusive breastfeeding and Vitamin A to boost childrens immune systems; hygiene through hand-washing, safe water and a clean environment; and oral rehydration therapy and zinc to nurse children to health.
Post published in: Analysis